Django + React 電商專案練習 [19] - 用戶頭貼更換/上傳功能

class UserProfile(models.Model):
    user = models.OneToOneField(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE)  # 當 User 被刪除，Profile 也一併刪除
    avatar = models.ImageField(
        upload_to='avatars/',  # 圖片上傳的資料夾
        null=True,
        blank=True,
        default='avatars/default_avatar.png'  # 預設頭像
    )

    def __str__(self):
        return str(self.name)

# signals.py
from django.db.models.signals import post_save #
from django.dispatch import receiver
...

# apps.py
from django.apps import AppConfig

class ApiConfig(AppConfig):
    default_auto_field = 'django.db.models.BigAutoField'
    name = 'api'

    def ready(self):
        import api.signals

class UsersConfig(AppConfig):
    default_auto_field = 'django.db.models.BigAutoField'
    name = 'users'

    def ready(self):
        import api.signals  # 確保 signals 被載入

from django.test import TestCase
from django.contrib.auth.models import User
from .models import UserProfile

class UserProfileSignalTest(TestCase):
    def test_user_profile_creation_signal(self):
        user = User.objects.create(username="testuser", email="test@example.com", password="password123")
        self.assertTrue(UserProfile.objects.filter(user=user).exists(), "UserProfile 未正確建立")

user_profile = UserProfile.objects.get(user=request.user)
print(user_profile.avatar)  # /media/avatars/user123.png

serializer = UserProfileSerializer(user_profile)
print(serializer.data)  # {'avatar': '/media/avatars/user123.png'}

# serializers.py
# 用戶更換頭像
class UserProfileSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = UserProfile
        fields = ['avatar']

class UserSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    ...
    avatar = serializers.SerializerMethodField(read_only=True)
    class Meta:
        model = User
        fields = [...'', 'avatar']

    def get_avatar(self, obj): # obj = User 的 instance
        try:
            if obj.userprofile.avatar:  # 確保 avatar 存在
                return obj.userprofile.avatar.url
        except AttributeError:
            pass  # 若 userprofile 不存在，則直接返回預設值
        return '/media/avatars/default_avatar.png'  # 預設頭像
    ...
class UserSerializerWithToken(UserSerializer):  # 繼承 UserSerializer 就不用重複寫欄位，分兩個 class 寫，這個 class 是負責產生第一次 "註冊 "或 "重設密碼 "的新 token
token = serializers.SerializerMethodField(read_only=True)

class Meta:
    model = User
    fields = [...,'avatar', 'token']

def get_token(self, obj):  # 命名就是一定得 get_(跟欄位名稱一樣)
    token = RefreshToken.for_user(obj)  # 當使用者註冊或重設密碼，就會產生新的token
    return str(token.access_token)  # 因為token是物件，所以要轉成字串

# user_views.py
@api_view(['POST'])
# @permission_classes([IsAuthenticated])
def updateAvatar(request):

    # 檢查是否為匿名使用者
    if isinstance(request.user, AnonymousUser):
        return Response({"error": "未登入的使用者"}, status=401)

    # 嘗試取得 UserProfile
    try:
        user_profile = request.user.userprofile
    except UserProfile.DoesNotExist:
        return Response({"error": "找不到 UserProfile，請確保已登入"}, status=400)

    serializer = UserProfileSerializer(instance=user_profile, data=request.data, partial=True)

    if serializer.is_valid():
        serializer.save()
        return Response({"message": "頭像更新成功", "avatar": serializer.data['avatar']})

    return Response(serializer.errors, status=400)

# urls.py
path('profile/avatar/', views.updateAvatar, name='users_profile_avatar'),